Mozambican civil war

 Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975, immediately establishing itself as the People's Republic of Mozambique. However, this newfound freedom was short-lived, as the country plunged into a devastating civil war that raged for 15 years (1977-1992). This conflict pitted the ruling party, FRELIMO, against the rebel group RENAMO. 

A peace treaty finally brought an end to the bloodshed in 1992, paving the way for Mozambique's first multiparty elections in 1994. Since then, the country has largely maintained a stable democratic system, operating as a presidential republic. 

Despite these strides, significant challenges remain. An Islamic insurgency continues to grip the northern province of Cabo Delgado, posing a major threat to the nation's ongoing peace and stability.